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Battle of San Juan (1598)
The Battle of San Juan was a military and naval action on June 15, 1598 when an English force of 20 ships and 1,700 men under Sir George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland overwhelmed and took the Spanish fortress Castillo San Felipe del Morro and thus took the city of San Juan, Puerto Rico. They were able to hold the castle for 65 days but disease took its toll and the English forces left but not before plundering and burning San Juan to the ground. It was this attack that proved to be the only one to ever break through and capture of El Morro castle.〔Van Middeldyk p. 114〕
==Background==
Sir Francis Drake had been defeated in 1595 and the report alarmed Elizabeth I that she wanted to avenge or 'dirten' the defeat. Queen Elizabeth almost immediately sent a new expedition led by the third Earl of Cumberland, Sir George Clifford,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SECOND ATTEMPT..... SIR GEORGE CLIFFORD (1598) )〕 so that he could seize San Juan and hold as long as possible.
Merely three years after Drake's attack, Cumberland arrived off Dominica with his 600-ton flagship ''Malice Scourge'' captained by John Watts, plus the 400-ton vice-flagships ''Merchant Royal'' of Sir John Berkeley and ''Ascension'' the 400 ton merchantman ''Alcedo'', and ''Prosperous'', 300-ton ''Centurion'' of Henry Palmer, ''Consent'', and ''Sampson'' of Henry Clifford; 250-ton galleon ''Constance'' of Hercules Fulham; 210-ton ''Guyana'' 200-ton ''Margaret and John''; 190-ton ''Royal Defence''; 120-ton ''Affection of William Fleming'', and ''Anthony'' 80-ton ''Pegasus'' the frigate ''Discovery'', the pinnace ''Scout'', the bark ''Ley''; plus two unnamed barks.〔 In total the fleet consisted of 1,700 men and twenty ships. After refreshing his fleet for nearly a week, the Earl transferred to the Virgin Islands on 11 June and celebrated a final muster three days later before laying in a course for San Juan.〔Marley p. 140〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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